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		<title><![CDATA[ Communications Magazine, IEEE - new TOC ]]></title>
		<link>http://ieeexplore.ieee.org</link>
		<description>TOC Alert for Publication# 35 </description>
		<year>2009</year>
		<month>November </month>
		<day>23</day>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[IEEE Communications Magazine - Front cover]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307453]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307453]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>c1</startPage>
			<endPage>c2</endPage>
			<fileSize>1279</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Table of contents]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307454]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307454]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>2</startPage>
			<endPage>4</endPage>
			<fileSize>109</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Educational activities: helping careers flourish]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307455]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Our world and its technology are in a constant state of flux. This is particularly evident for the communications and networking field. Society's needs change, technological innovation is ongoing, and businesses embrace new technologies to serve their customers while achieving business goals. All these significantly impact researchers, engineers and practitioners as they work to maintain professional viability in an ever more competitive job market. "Keeping up" is the key phrase in today's world. The Communications Society recognizes this, and through its educational activities strives to help its members and others "keep up" with the technologies and skills necessary to establish, maintain and grow one's career. This month, I am pleased to share the President's Column with Prof. Stefano Bregni, ComSoc's Director of Education, who will cover ComSoc's educational activities, aimed at helping careers flourish.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307455]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>6</startPage>
			<endPage>8</endPage>
			<fileSize>2424</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Zuckerman, D.;Bregni, S.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[The new candidate's handbook]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307456]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[One of the commitments that Com-Soc has made to the WCET certification program is to keep it current. Part of that commitment is, of course, to provide up-to-date information to prospective candidates about the exam, the application process, and other logistical procedures. It's a pleasure, therefore, to note that the 2010 edition of the WCET Candidate's Handbook has gone to the printer and should be available around the end of this month.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307456]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>10</startPage>
			<endPage>10</endPage>
			<fileSize>1234</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Frantz, R.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Conference calendar]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307457]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307457]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>12</startPage>
			<endPage>13</endPage>
			<fileSize>1462</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Future information and communication technologies]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307458]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[In past issues of this column there have been articles about European public co-funded research programs, funded by the European Commission (EC) and/or national governments. Of all these programs, the one with the most relevance and impact, and the largest budget is EC Framework Programme 7 - Information and Communication Technologies (FP7-ICT). In this article we provide an overview of the main research trends in this program for the coming years.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307458]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>14</startPage>
			<endPage>19</endPage>
			<fileSize>130</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Sanchez-Eesguevillas, A.;Carro, B.;Martin, F.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[The 14th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307459]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[The OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC) has been a signature event in the area of optoelectronic and optical communications. This year, OECC 2009, the 14th in the series, was held in Hong Kong SAR, China, from 13 to 17 July 2009. With its superb facilities, professional service, and sophistication, the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre was selected to be the conference venue. It is also internationally known as the best exhibition and convention center in Asia for its excellence in hosting some of the world's greatest events.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307459]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>20</startPage>
			<endPage>24</endPage>
			<fileSize>2117</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Ping-kong Wai;Kin Chiang;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[The history of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307460]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is one of those ideas that had been building for a very long time, and became a practical reality when the appearance of mass market applications coincided with the availability of efficient software and electronic technologies. This article describes the background and some of the striking early development of OFDM, with explanation of the motivations for using it. The author presume a broad definition of OFDM as frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) in which subchannels overlap without interfering. It does not not necessarily require the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) or its fast Fourier transform (FFT) computational method.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307460]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>26</startPage>
			<endPage>35</endPage>
			<fileSize>1273</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Weinstein, S.B.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Back to the future]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307461]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[In the 1970s - before dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM), Google, Facebook, iPhone, and Skype - we had a telephone network based on circuit-switching technology for primarily real-time services (voice) and also for a very small traffic volume of data. This network provided reasonable voice quality, reliability, availability, and accessibility to customers. The telephone exchanges of the '70s somehow could maintain call state information, which is considered "unscalable" by many in the 21st century despite the tremendous technological advances in chip technology of the last 40 years. Furthermore, according to the recent Cisco White Paper [1], "The sum of all forms of video (TV, VoD, Internet, and P2P) will account for close to 90 percent of consumer traffic by 2012." This immediately leads to the question: if we are going to have fundamentally similar services, why shouldn't we consider increasing the use of networking concepts and solutions we had in the '70s?]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307461]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>36</startPage>
			<endPage>38</endPage>
			<fileSize>156</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Zukerman, M.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Product spotlights]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307462]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307462]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>39</startPage>
			<endPage>39</endPage>
			<fileSize>676</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[New products]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307463]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307463]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>40</startPage>
			<endPage>41</endPage>
			<fileSize>742</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Optical communications]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307464]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[In the past few months of this year, there have been some notable events related to optical communications: OECC 2009 on July 13-17 in Hong Kong, CLEO Pacific Rim 2009 on August 30-September 3 in Shanghai, and ECOC 2009 on September 20-24 in Vienna. OECC in Hong Kong was a well organized successful event gathering 500 attendees in spite of the influences of financial recession and swine flu. For the details on OECC 2009, please refer to the conference report in this issue by General Chair Prof. Ping-kong Alex Wai. The first CLEO Pacific Rim was held in Shanghai, China, gathering over 800 participants. It was an impressive four-day event, attracting many young Chinese researchers in the field, and featured very enthusiastic discussion across eight parallel sessions. The big tide of the market in the Shanghai area made a big impression, and the big economic and social evolution was apparent, including preparation for World Expo 2010 in Shanghai.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307464]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>42</startPage>
			<endPage>42</endPage>
			<fileSize>243</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Kuwahara, H.;Theodoras, J.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Next-generation PON-part I: technology roadmap and general requirements]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307465]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Gigabit-class passive optical networks have been standardized and are now being deployed. This article presents possible migration scenarios toward the next-generation PON and proposes a technology roadmap of evolutionary growth (termed NG-PON1) vs. revolutionary change (termed NG-PON2). This article then details the general requirements for NG-PON1 to support various popular applications many service providers expressed interests on as well as to enable smooth migration from Gigabit PON.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307465]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>43</startPage>
			<endPage>49</endPage>
			<fileSize>188</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Kani, J.-i.;Bourgart, F.;Cui, A.;Rafel, A.;Campbell, M.;Davey, R.;Rodrigues, S.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Next-generation PON-part II: candidate systems for next-generation PON]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307466]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Given the requirements for a next-generation PON, the architecture of the system solution must be considered. There are many different systems that can provide the services and system-level features desired for a next generation PON; however, each has its own challenges and advantages. This article presents the set of possible solutions, and puts them into perspective of likely standardization. It also considers how the key requirement of coexistence could be accommodated.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307466]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>50</startPage>
			<endPage>57</endPage>
			<fileSize>517</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Effenberger, F.;Mukai, H.;Soojin Park;Pfeiffer, T.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Next-generation PON-part III: system specifications for XP-PON]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307467]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[With the knowledge that XG-PON is of primary interest to service providers as their preferred next generation optical access system, the investigation next turns to determining its technical specifications. This article presents the current thinking on the XG-PON systems. It presents a rough outline of the system design for the wavelength plan, the power budget, the protocol, and the management and service model. This work is likely to be the basis for standardization in upcoming ITU-T recommendations.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307467]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>58</startPage>
			<endPage>64</endPage>
			<fileSize>219</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Effenberger, F.;Mukai, H.;Kani, J.-i.;Rasztovits-Wiech, M.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Spectrum-efficient and scalable elastic optical path network: architecture, benefits, and enabling technologies]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307468]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[The sustained growth of data traffic volume calls for an introduction of an efficient and scalable transport platform for links of 100 Gb/s and beyond in the future optical network. In this article, after briefly reviewing the existing major technology options, we propose a novel, spectrum- efficient, and scalable optical transport network architecture called SLICE. The SLICE architecture enables sub-wavelength, superwavelength, and multiple-rate data traffic accommodation in a highly spectrum-efficient manner, thereby providing a fractional bandwidth service. Dynamic bandwidth variation of elastic optical paths provides network operators with new business opportunities offering cost-effective and highly available connectivity services through time-dependent bandwidth sharing, energy-efficient network operation, and highly survivable restoration with bandwidth squeezing. We also discuss an optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing-based flexible-rate transponder and a bandwidth-variable wavelength cross-connect as the enabling technologies of SLICE concept. Finally, we present the performance evaluation and technical challenges that arise in this new network architecture.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307468]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>66</startPage>
			<endPage>73</endPage>
			<fileSize>235</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Jinno, M.;Takara, H.;Kozicki, B.;Tsukishima, Y.;Sone, Y.;Matsuoka, S.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Practical physical-layer encryption: the marriage of optical noise with traditional cryptography]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307469]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[We describe an emerging method of encryption suitable for high-speed optical communication networks. This encryption protocol combines traditional electronic cryptographic algorithms with the physical effect of optical noise of quantum origin to create a highly secure method of secret communications. The resulting optical signal is compatible with today's high speed fiber optic infrastructure including optical amplification and add/drop multiplexing. Systems implementing this protocol can be constructed with common commercially available components. We describe experimental results obtained with a 2.5 Gb/s system. The encrypted signal is shown to travel error-free through &gt;500 km of optical fiber. Simulations show that reaches and data rates consistent with modern long haul optical networks are attainable.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307469]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>74</startPage>
			<endPage>81</endPage>
			<fileSize>3282</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Kanter, G.S.;Reilly, D.;Smith, N.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Topics in automotive networking]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307470]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Significant research efforts in industry and academia have been underway to accelerate the development of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) for safe, efficient, and convenient driving. Much of the research effort has been devoted to meet the challenges of effectively integrating wireless communications, computing, and advanced sensor technologies into vehicular and transportation systems. To date, the Automotive Networking Series has published articles that address such challenges, including characterization of vehicular communication channels and development of wireless system technologies; design of protocols for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) networking that adapt to changes of roadway conditions to provide fast, reliable communications; simulation tools to validate designs in realistic roadway scenarios; technologies to achieve security and privacy; and standardization, among others.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307470]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>82</startPage>
			<endPage>83</endPage>
			<fileSize>384</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Chen, W.;Delgrossi, L.;Kosch, T.;Saito, T.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Vehicular communication systems: enabling technologies, applications, and future outlook on intelligent transportation]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307471]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Numerous technologies have been deployed to assist and manage transportation. But recent concerted efforts in academia and industry point to a paradigm shift in intelligent transportation systems. Vehicles will carry computing and communication platforms, and will have enhanced sensing capabilities. They will enable new versatile systems that enhance transportation safety and efficiency and will provide infotainment. This article surveys the state-of-the-art approaches, solutions, and technologies across a broad range of projects for vehicular communication systems.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307471]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>84</startPage>
			<endPage>95</endPage>
			<fileSize>1353</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Papadimitratos, P.;La Fortelle, A.;Evenssen, K.;Brignolo, R.;Cosenza, S.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Vehicle-to-vehicle channel modeling and measurements: recent advances and future challenges]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307472]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Vehicle-to-vehicle communications have recently received much attention due to some new applications, such as wireless mobile ad hoc networks, relay-based cellular networks, and intelligent transportation systems for dedicated short range communications. The underlying V2V channels, as a foundation for the understanding and design of V2V communication systems, have not yet been sufficiently investigated. This article aims to review the state-of-the-art in V2V channel measurements and modeling. Some important V2V channel measurement campaigns and models are briefly described and classified. Finally, some challenges of V2V channel measurements and modeling are addressed for future studies.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307472]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>96</startPage>
			<endPage>103</endPage>
			<fileSize>213</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Cheng-xiang Wang;Xiang Cheng;Laurenson, D.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Vehicular wireless short-range communication for improving intersection safety]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307473]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Vehicle-to-infrastructure and vehicle-to-vehicle communication has recently garnered considerable attention from both academia and industry because it holds the potential to improve road safety and to reduce road accidents. For this reason, V2X communication has been considered a key technology of the future Intelligent Transportation Systems. Use cases for V2X communication for enhancing intersection safety are appealing because intersections are the most complex and dangerous driving environments. This article reviews major related work and presents a communication architecture for intersection safety that supports these use cases. Our communication architecture respects the salient traits of V2X communication and fits into the overall V2X communication architecture. We perform various simulations to quantify the load of V2X communication at intersections and report the findings of our simulation study.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307473]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>104</startPage>
			<endPage>110</endPage>
			<fileSize>184</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Long Le;Festag, A.;Baldessari, R.;Wenhui Zhang;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Location- and delay-aware cross-layer communication in V2I multihop vehicular networks]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307474]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Intelligent transportation systems are targeted to improve the traffic safety and driving experience of passengers. Vehicular ad hoc networks are wireless communication networks proposed to be used as parts of ITS. VANETs facilitate communication among vehicles, and between vehicles and roadside equipment. A key challenge in developing such systems is to design routing and MAC protocols that not only provide good end-to-end packet delay but can also quickly adapt to changes in the network topology due to vehicular mobility. In this article we outline a new framework for location- and delay-aware cross-layer communication that addresses these challenges. Our framework provides an efficient V2I data delivery system that relays packets over low-delay paths to a fixed base station or access point. Furthermore, an instance of this framework is also presented as a protocol. Our preliminary evaluations show that our design approach is promising, and provides delay predictability, fairness, and a good packet delivery ratio.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307474]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>112</startPage>
			<endPage>118</endPage>
			<fileSize>180</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Jarupan, B.;Ekici, E.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Field evaluation of UHF radio propagation for an ITS safety system in an urban environment]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307475]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Roadside-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems have been proposed as part of ITS development to help achieve vehicle safety and realize more secure road traffic environments. In this article we first introduce several typical applications and their radio range requirements for vehicle safety communication systems to clarify the technical point of view. Then we show some field experiment results in an urban area in Tokyo to investigate and verify the radio propagation characteristics and the quality of communications by using a wireless radio prototype system. Finally, we conclude that the current prototype system has potential to fulfill the radio range requirements of vehicle safety communications, but there are still lots of issues that need to be addressed.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307475]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>120</startPage>
			<endPage>127</endPage>
			<fileSize>3012</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Sai, S.;Niwa, E.;Mase, K.;Nishibori, M.;Inoue, J.;Obuchi, M.;Harada, T.;Ito, H.;Mizutani, K.;Kizu, M.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Measuring the capacity of in-car to in-car vehicular networks]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307476]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[A particular class of vehicular networks is the one that includes off-the-shelf end-user equipment (e.g., laptops and PDAs) running from the interior of vehicles: in-car nodes. They are subject to limited communication conditions when compared with nodes specifically designed to this context. Existing works either consider antennas installed on top of the vehicle roof or nodes that operate in infrastructure mode. In this article, we investigate through real experiments the characteristics of links formed by in-car nodes running off-the-shelf wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11(a/g) in ad hoc mode. We surprisingly observe that in-car nodes do show enough performance in terms of network capacity to be used in a number of applications, such as file transfer in peer-to-peer applications. Nonetheless, we identify some key performance issues and devise a number of configuration recommendations and future work directions.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307476]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>128</startPage>
			<endPage>136</endPage>
			<fileSize>956</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Rubinstein, M.G.;Ben Abdesslem, F.;De Amorim, M.D.;Cavalcanti, S.R.;Dos Santos Alves, R.;Costa, L.H.M.K.;Duarte, O.C.M.B.;Campista, M.E.M.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Design and implementation series IV: Westheimer's Law]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307477]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[The late Dr. Frank Westheimer (1912-2007) is one of the founders of modern chemistry and largely responsible for several core concepts underlying biochemistry. Westheimer was awarded many noteworthy accolades, including appointments to national and presidential advisory boards and societies, the Priestley Medal, the Cope Award, the Welch Prize, the U.S. National Medal of Science, and the U.S. National Academy Award, among others. In 2002, his academic peers and Harvard University honored his life's work in a permanent way by creating the Frank H. Westheimer Medal for distinguished research in chemistry.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307477]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>138</startPage>
			<endPage>139</endPage>
			<fileSize>134</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Moore, S.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Hybrid wireless-broadband over power lines: a promising broadband solution in rural areas]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307478]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[In rural areas, due to the low population density and the poor familiarization with new technologies, new projects related to broadband access are less profitable. In this article a hybrid wireless-broadband over power lines network, suitable for rural and remote areas is presented, offering smart grid applications and broadband access along a 107 km medium voltage power grid in Larissa, a rural area in central Greece. This hybrid solution exploits the ubiquitous presence of the power grid along with the adaptability and accessibility of wireless technology. Through the design and implementation of this hybrid network many aspects of BPL technology were successfully dealt with demonstrating that, in addition to enhancing the power grid performance, W-BPL technology may be considered as an alternative broadband solution in rural and/or sparsely populated areas.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307478]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>140</startPage>
			<endPage>147</endPage>
			<fileSize>1077</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Sarafi, A.;Tsiropoulos, G.;Cottis, P.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[VoIP-based air traffic controller training]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307479]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Extending VoIP beyond Internet telephony, we propose a case study of applying the technology outside of its intended domain to solve a real-world problem. This work is an attempt to understand an analog hardwired communication system of the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, and effectively translate it into a generic standards-based VoIP system that runs on their existing data network. We develop insights into the air traffic training and weigh in on the design choices for building a soft real-time data communication system. We also share our real world deployment and maintenance experiences, as the FAA Academy has been successfully using this VoIP system in six training rooms since early 2006 to train the future air traffic controllers of the U.S. and the world.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307479]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>148</startPage>
			<endPage>155</endPage>
			<fileSize>1567</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Subramanya, S.;Xiaotao Wu;Schulzrinne, H.;Buriak, S.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Design and implementation of advanced multimedia conferencing applications in the 3GPP IP multimedia subsystem]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307480]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[The IP multimedia subsystem is a key component of 3G networks. It enables the seamless provision of multimedia services to end users. Multimedia conferencing is an important category of multimedia services in IMS, serving as the basis for a wide range of applications including audio/video conferencing, multiparty gaming and distance learning. Floor control is an advanced feature of multimedia conferencing which manages the access to shared resources such as audio and video channels. This article extends the 3GPP architecture to include the design and implementation of advanced multimedia conferencing applications. It separates the floor control server and the media resource function processor, and it also opens up advanced conferencing capabilities. A SIP-based floor server control markup language and a multi-level abstraction API are proposed. The extensions are illustrated by a case study based on the design and implementation of a multiparty multimedia game. An important finding of this article is that tools and technologies for the design and implementation of multimedia conferencing applications in IMS are relatively immature. We therefore caution designers and implementers that they may need to develop additional tools and technologies to complete their projects, just as we did in the work presented in this article.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307480]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>156</startPage>
			<endPage>163</endPage>
			<fileSize>203</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Belqasmi, F.;Chunyan Fu;Alrubaye, M.;Glitho, R.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Practical considerations in the design and implementation of time synchronization systems using IEEE 1588]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307481]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[This article addresses issues with the design and implementation of systems using the IEEE 1588 standard, which provides a new synchronization scheme for next-generation telecommunications networks. With a focus on achieving high accuracy in the real network environments, key features introduced in the new version of the standard and the exact causes and practical handling of time errors are discussed. A prototype Gigabit Ethernet switch based on a model of a combined ordinary clock and a peer-to-peer transparent clock is described to demonstrate how design decisions have been made on the overall architecture and on the functions of building blocks. Because the popularly used synchronization schemes used in legacy TDM network or based on GPS technology have high capital and operating expenses, network operators are searching for a better solution. Recently, IEEE 1588-2008 has been developed to meet the new synchronization requirements in various applications, including telecommunications backhaul networks; this article discusses the meticulous considerations for implementing IEEE 1588-based systems that are robust, cost-effective, and precise in solving the shared synchronized time problem.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307481]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>164</startPage>
			<endPage>170</endPage>
			<fileSize>682</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Jiho Han;Deog-Kyoon Jeong;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Power, interface, and integration: handset chipset design issues]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307482]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[In this work, we address key design aspects of mobile wireless terminal chipsets with practical examples. Significant expansions in capability, in conjunction with market demands for compactness, reasonable price and longer battery life, place substantial pressure on handset component technologies. To achieve these mutually conflicting goals with available implementation technologies, specialized design skills are necessary for power saving, chip-to-chip interface and subsystem integration in mobile phone chipsets. The inter-related design and verification issues are discussed with lessons learned from our professional experiences in designing third-generation cellular modems, mobile digital TV, and mobile WiMax system-on-a-chip development.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307482]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>172</startPage>
			<endPage>179</endPage>
			<fileSize>519</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Tae Hee Han;Jae-chern Yoo;Hyunseok Lee;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Economic engineering for improving access to the worldwide telecommunications network]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307483]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Telecommunications services are not equally available to everyone in the world. This disparity, often called the digital divide, is the topic of much talk, but little progress has been made. Service providers in affluent regions prosper, because they can make a profit. In regions where few people are able to pay market rates, there is little, if any, service without subsidies. However, when subsidies support telecommunications service, the funds are given to existing, typically monopoly, providers, and are often misused. This article defines a concept of how subsidy funds can be directed to consumers. When implemented, this concept provides consumers with the purchasing power needed to buy services; thereby it emulates conditions in an affluent region and attracts entrepreneurs to supply services in response to demand. We believe that this will stimulate profitable business for telecommunications operators to deliver services on an ongoing basis in poor regions. First, however, funds are needed to support the process. They could be supplied by grants from major funding organizations, such as the World Bank and USAID. Long-term sustainability is proposed via contributions from existing telecommunications users through a small tax on their bills. This would ensure continuous support from within the industry with no need to apply for periodic grant renewals. While implementing these techniques is difficult, they employ principles that are already in use. This concept lends itself to a small-scale testing and demonstration, possibly through a pilot project. It fits well into the IEEE Humanitarian Technology Challenge effort by helping establish the telecommunications infrastructure in developing regions.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307483]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>180</startPage>
			<endPage>185</endPage>
			<fileSize>154</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Walp, R.;Ulema, M.;Michel, M.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Global Communications Newsletter]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307484]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[November  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5307452&arnumber=5307484]]></guid>
			<volume>47</volume>
			<issue>11</issue>
			<startPage>1</startPage>
			<endPage>4</endPage>
			<fileSize>1427</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Sweeney, H.A.;Hanzo, L.;Alejos, A.V.;Sanchez, M.G.;Cuinas, I.;Saengudomlert, P.;Sripimanwat, K.;Correia, L.M.;]]></authors>
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